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Ever wonder why the semiconductor industry is called semiconductors? anti vibration table Why are chips, integrated circuits, and semiconductors connected together?

In fact, a semiconductor is a material, such as silicon, in the most primitive time. Later, these semiconductor materials were used to make integrated circuits and then packaged into chips. But the name semiconductor has stuck, so we usually replace these with the word semiconductor.

Now let's talk about the most basic element of semiconductors: the "PN junction". The accepted semiconductor theory is also based on the PN junction theory in 1949. Then there's the real diode and CMOS theory.

Let's talk about diodes as the main ones. semiconductor test A triode is an extension of a diode, and we will talk about it briefly in the end.

I mentioned in the first issue that semiconductors were originally just elements between conductors and insulators, such as silicon. So what does this semiconductor have to do with?

Characteristics of semiconductors:

Let's now imagine a flower with four petals. voltage probe But if the flower has only four petals and it is unstable, and the wind blows away, it must have eight petals to be stable. What then? He could only borrow a petal from the flower next door, from each flower next door, and stabilize it to form such a structure. For example, the red flower in the middle is a single petal borrowed from the four flowers below, and then the eight petals around the red flower, the wind cannot blow away. The four petals of the BCDE also borrowed four petals from their respective sides. This creates a stable structure. This is the original structure of the semiconductor.

But what if the flower next to it doesn't have four petals? For example, if it's five petals, as shown in the picture below, is there any development?

For now, it is stable for ABCD. The wind cannot blow it away, but the flower still has one petal. If it meets the wind, this petal will also run away, so we call this petal that can be blown away by the wind a windless petal, because it is not restricted.

What if the flower next to you is missing a petal? For example, flower e is missing a petal, oh, I really did not expect to call it a proper name, call it a semiconductor name, call it a hole. The chamber does not refer to the petal, but to the position where no petal remains.

Okay, now we're going to talk about semiconductors, and we're going to put the things we mentioned in the example above, one by one, into semiconductors.

The top flowers are atoms, and the petals are electrons. So "a flower has four petals" translates into semiconductor language as "this atom has four electrons in its outermost layer." If there are extra petals, it is an N-type semiconductor, and the extra petals are called free electrons. If a petal is missing, it is a P-type semiconductor, and the position left by the missing petal is called a hole. Although none of them can conduct electricity, N-type or P-type semiconductors will conduct electricity if a voltage is applied to them because they have free electrons and holes.

This is the most important basic theory of Chinese semiconductor enterprises -PN junction theory. So how do we develop to really achieve P and N types? Is to use the most simple direct and rough way - ion implantation, in other words, is the most outer layer of 5 electrons of the element (such as boron, phosphorus) through the use of high energy accelerated production process, and finally due to bombardment into the semiconductor company, finally formed N-type semiconductor. If the element with three electrons in the outermost layer (such as indium, etc.) is bombarded into the semiconductor industry, the P-type semiconductor is finally formed.